a. Homozygous & Heterozygous - Homozygous 2 copies of the same allele; Heterozygous 2 different copies of the allele
b. Dominant & Recessive - Dominant, usually a capital letter always shows up when present; Recessive, usually a lower case letter, only shows up when there are two copies of it
c. RNA & DNA - DNA has two strands, thymine (T), and deoxyribose, RNA has one strand, uracil (U), and ribose
d. Genes & alleles - genes - DNA that codes for a physical trait; alleles - different forms of a gene
e. Haploid & diploid - Haploid - sex cells, cells with one copy of chromosomes; Diploid - body cells, cells with 2 copies of chromosomes
f. Transcription & translation - transcription mRNA copying DNA; translation - mRNA translated into amino acids
g. positive feedback & negative feedback - positive feedback - brain pushes body farther away from normal before going back; negative feedback - brain brings body back to normal right away
h. arteries & veins - arteries bring blood away from the heart; veins bring blood back to the heart.
2.
- camouflage
- padded feet for running
- muscular build to hunt
3. genetic, population, time
4. variation creates competition. without variation, there would be no competition for survival
5. Sam and his friends have long necks due to their genes. Because of that, they ate better than other tortoises and passed on their genes.
6. 46
7. 2
8. 75%
9. 50% (it's always 50%)
10. A trait that is on the X-Chromosome
11. colorblindness, hemophilia
12. 0%, 0%
13. a. Red; b. red & white; c. orange (or any other color that is not red or white)
14. (ask Mrs. Sohn in class)
15. half of the original is saved to make the new strand
16. DNA - ATCG; RNA- AUCG
17. A-T; C-G
18. mRNA
19. tRNA
20. a. GCG ATA CTC AAT; b. TAC GCA CTA GCT
21. a. UCC CCG GGA AAU; b. GAU AGU CUU GGA
22. 3 bases that code for an amino acid
23. 15
24. C, B, D, A
25. dendrites receive signal from another neuron;
26. holds the signal inside the axon
27. pain killers block receptors
28. chemicals that are released into the blood stream that cause changes in the body
29. both are involved in communication inside the body
30. alveoli
31. body is alerting you to danger; example - spider bite that swells and gets increasingly painful
32. 4
33. 1st line of defense - skin, hair, mucous; 2nd line - white blood cell, inflammatory response
34. antibodies pull the different pathogens together to be eaten by a white blood cell
35. they force your body to develop T-cells that are targeted to fight the pathogens
36. HIV - virus infection; AIDS - when T-cell counts drop to a very low level
37. energy available in food
38. Condoms
39. prevent ovulation; prevents fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus
40. (various - HIV, herpes, chlamydia)
