Evolution Study Guide Answers

C - Level

1. adaptations, environment
2. genetic change in a population over time
3. peppered moths - as the trees turned colors due to pollution, the dark moths increased in number because they had adaptations that were better suited for the environment.
4. variation
5. DNA

B - Level
1. fitness
2. adaptations are passed on, they will be more frequent in the population; camel's fat helps it survive for a long time without food. camels with less fat will have lower fitness, camels with more fat will have higher fitness = they will survive and pass on their genes
3. geographic isolation, behavioral isolation, temporal isolation
4. ability to stay cool, nocturnal (sleep at night), manage water loss
5. population A - the chance of an animal having an adaptation that is beneficial is higher

A - Level
1. Sexual reproducers create variation; Sexual minnows got sick less, peacocks had healthier offspring
2. baby birth weight - not good to be too small, not good to be too large, middle is the best
3. it's extremely rare for all conditions to be met - therefore, evolution must happen.

Genetics Study Guide Answers

C - Level
1. C. AABbcc will look the same as AaBBcc
2. Meiosis - makes sex cells, 4 genetically different cells; Mitosis – makes every other cell, 2 genetically identical cells
3. Tt x Tt = 75% will look like T, 25% will look like t
4. Incomplete Dominance (3rd phenotype appears)
5. XHXh with XHY
a. Daughters with hemophilia – 0%
b. Sons with hemophilia – 50%
6. Two organisms may share the same phenotype, but have differing genotype.
7. Bb x Bb (75% Black, 25% Brown fur)
8. To make genetically different cells
9. Sex cells are also known as gametes. Since they only have 1 set of chromosomes, they are called haploid. Cells with 2 sets of chromosomes are called diploid.
10. 2 brothers!

B – Level
1. Incomplete dominance
a. RR – red, rr – white, Rr – pink.
b. rr x Rr = 50% white, 50% pink
2. Key: BB – blue, bb – white, Bb – blue AND white. Bb x Bb = 25% Blue, 25% white, 50% blue and white.
3. ii x IAIB = 50% Type A, 50% Type B
4. (check with Mrs. Sohn in class)
5. XBXB with XbY
a. 0% sons will be colorblind
b. 0% of daughters will be colorblind
6. Key: D – Dark, d – blonde
a. Dd
b. dd
c. 50%

A – Level
1. Dihybrid Cross
a. BbEe
b. bbee
c. ¼
d. ¼
2. Males are more likely to inherit sex-linked traits because they only have one X. If there is something wrong with that X, they will always show the trait. They do not have another X to “make up” for that other X.
3. ii x ii; IAi x IAi, IBi x IBi

Protein Synthesis Study Guide

C - Level
1. CTT CAT CTG ACA
2. ACG AUA AGU CCC
3. Four - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
4. Double Helix
5. Nucleus
6. C. Proteins
7. DNA has 2 strands; RNA has 1
8. met - gly - trp - ser - stop

B & A Level

1. DNA has the sugar deoxyribose; RNA has ribose; DNA - A pairs with T; RNA - A pairs with U
2. 3
3. mRNA
4. mRNA is made by copying one side of the DNA; mRNA leaves nucleus to find ribosome
5. mRNA is read 3 bases at a time (codon) and amino acids are put together in the right order
6. changes in DNA
7. mutation can cause the incorrect proteins to be made: could lead to disease or cancer
8. sometimes the mutation results in the same amino acid being made
9. D
10. nucleus
11. ribosome
12. amino acids
13. (picture labeling - see notes for reference)
14. mRNA is copying one side of DNA; mRNA leaves nucleus
15. mRNA enters a ribosome and is read 3 bases at a time. tRNA brings over the amino acid to assemble the protein.

Biology Final Details

Final Details

2 parts, each part will count as a test grade.

Part 1 – Multiple Choice, 62 Questions


Part 2 – 5 Free Response Questions
1. Scientific Method (Design an Experiment)
• Just set it up!
• What will happen to one group, what will happen to another group
• What will you measure?
• What will you do the same?
• No Conclusion!
2. Cell Organelles (Label and Explain function)
• It will probably be a Plant Cell
3. Food Web Analysis
• Compare and Contrast two Food Webs
4. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
• Who
• What
• Where
• Why
5. Cell Cycle & Mitosis (Ordering)

Answers to Study Guide (Part 1 - Yellow)

Scientific Method

1. 2 potential problems:
• no experiment was conducted, you cannot prove anything
• two classes may be different (different ages, different genes)
2. meter
3. mile, inch,
4. mile time – dependent variable (this is what you are measuring)
5. typing v. handwriting independent variable (this is what you are changing)
6. chances of getting sick – dependent variable
7.
a. hypothesis – ice cream without chocolate chips will melt slower
b. independent variable – chocolate chips
c. dependent variable – melt time
d. controls – same brand of ice cream, same amount of ice cream
8. Conversions
a. .0735 km
b. 68000 mg
c. 3.648 L

Ecology

1. In order to have a stable food web, it is important to have much more autotrophs than heterotrophs
2. Exponential growth
3. Carrying capacity – maximum amount of organisms that can live in an area without using up all the resources
4. Animals, humans, plant life
5. Weather, precipitation, rain fall, water, soil,
6. More mice would die because there would be more snakes eating, eventually, snake population would go down because there wouldn’t be enough food.
7. Pollution increases the thickness of the atmosphere → traps more of the suns heat → global warming


Cell Parts and Organelles

1. Prokaryotes – no nucleus, no organelles, small
Eukaryotes – has nucleus, has organelles, big
2. Animal Cell (see Notes)
3. Plant Cell (See Notes)
4. Lysosomes
5. Nucleus
6. Ribosomes
7. Mitochondria
8. Chloroplast

Cell Transport

1. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.
2. Salt water fish in hypotonic solution would cause the cell to swell (get bigger)
3. Cell membranes are mostly made up of lipids, with a few large proteins embedded in it to function like a gate
4. Diffusion that happens through a protein is called: facilitated diffusion

Answers to Study Guide (Part 2 - Pink)

Fall Final Study Guide Answers – Part 2 (Pink)

Biochemistry
Macromolecule Function Examples
Carbohydrates Energy Bread, rice, starch, sugars
Lipids Storage, protection, membranes Fats, oil, wax
Proteins Transport, structure, speed up chemical reactions Skin, hair, muscles, enzymes
Nucleic Acids Store genetic information DNA


Cellular Energy 1 – Photosynthesis

1. Photosynthesis, Light dependent reactions, calvin cycle
2. Carbon dioxide and water to create glucose and oxygen
3. Thylakoid membrane (or grana)
4. Glucose, stroma
5. False. (only plants)
6. Glucose
7. Grana

Cellular Energy 2 – Cellular Respiration

1. Cytoplasm (glycolysis) and Mitochondria (krebs cycle and electron transport chain)
2. Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
3. Cytoplasm
4. Mitochondria
5. Oxygen
6. Carbon Dioxide
7. 36
8. plants and animals
9. to get ATP

Cellular Energy 3 – Fermentation

1. oxygen
2. alcoholic and lactic acid
3. yeast
4. humans, bacteria
5. cellular respiration (not fermentation) you get more ATP

Cell Cycle & Specifics of Mitosis and Cancer

1. cell membrane
2. dividing
3. Gap 1 and Gap 2
4. Gap 1 and Gap 2
5. Synthesis (S Phase)
6. Anaphase
7. Metaphase
8. Prophase
9. Abnormal DNA, inability to stop growing

Final Practice Questions